Reservations in India refer to the system of affirmative action or positive discrimination implemented to address historical social and educational disadvantages faced by certain communities. The reservation policy aims to provide opportunities and representation to socially and economically disadvantaged groups.
Enlisted below are some key points regarding reservations in India:
- Caste-Based Reservation: The reservation system in India is primarily based on caste categories specified by the Indian Constitution. The Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) are the main beneficiaries of reservation policies.
- Scheduled Castes (SCs): SCs, also known as Dalits or formerly “untouchables,” are the most disadvantaged and marginalized communities. Reservation benefits for SCs include a certain percentage of seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and elected bodies.
- Scheduled Tribes (STs): STs are the indigenous or tribal communities that have faced historical socio-economic disadvantages. Reservation benefits for STs provide for a certain percentage of seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and elected bodies.
- Other Backward Classes (OBCs): OBCs consist of various communities that are socially and educationally disadvantaged. Reservation benefits for OBCs include a certain percentage of seats in educational institutions, government jobs, and elected bodies.
- Reservation in Education: Reservation in India extends to educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities. A certain percentage of seats are reserved for SCs, STs, and OBCs in order to ensure access and opportunities for individuals from these communities.
- Reservation in Government Jobs: Reservation in India also applies to government jobs and services. A certain percentage of vacancies in government departments and agencies are reserved for SCs, STs, and OBCs.